Monday, April 25, 2016

The University of Cambridge(abbreviated as Cantab in post-nominal letters; also known as Cambridge University) is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, Cambridge is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's fourth-oldest surviving university. It grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople.The two ancient universities share many common features and are often jointly referred to as "Oxbridge".
Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent colleges and over 100 academic departments organised into six schools.The university occupies buildings throughout the city, many of which are of historical importance. The colleges are self-governing institutions founded as integral parts of the university. In the year ended 31 July 2015, the university had a total income of £1.638 billion, of which £397 million was from research grants and contracts.The central university and colleges have a combined endowment of around £5.89 billion, the largest of any university outside the United States.Cambridge is a member of many associations and forms part of the "golden triangle" of leading English universities and Cambridge University Health Partners, an academic health science centre. The university is closely linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster known as "Silicon Fen".
Students' learning involves lectures and laboratory sessions organised by departments, and supervisions provided by the colleges. The university operates eight arts, cultural, and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum and a botanic garden. Cambridge's libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, 8 million of which are in Cambridge University Library which is a legal deposit library. Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the world's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world.Cambridge is regularly included among the world's best and most reputable universities by most university rankings.Beside academic studies, student life is centred on the colleges and numerous pan-university artistic activities, sports clubs and societies.
Cambridge has many notable alumni, including several eminent mathematicians, scientists, economists, writers, philosophers, actors, politicians. Ninety-two Nobel laureates have been affiliated with it as students, faculty, staff or alumni.Throughout its history, the university has featured in literature and artistic works by numerous authors including Geoffrey Chaucer, E. M. Forster and C. P. Snow.
By the late 12th century, the Cambridge region already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. However, it was an incident at Oxford which is most likely to have formed the establishment of the university: two Oxford scholars were hanged by the town authorities for the death of a woman, without consulting the ecclesiastical authorities, who would normally take precedence (and pardon the scholars) in such a case, but were at that time in conflict with the King John. The University of Oxford went into suspension in protest, and most scholars moved to cities such as Paris, Reading, and Cambridge. After the University of Oxford reformed several years later, enough scholars remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of the new university. In order to claim precedence, it is common for Cambridge to trace its founding to the 1231 charter from King Henry III granting it the right to discipline its own members (ius non-trahi extra) and an exemption from some taxes. (Oxford would not receive a similar enhancement until 1248.) 
A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach "everywhere in Christendom".After Cambridge was described as a studium generale in a letter by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290,and confirmed as such in a bull byPope John XXII in 1318,it became common for researchers from other European medieval universities to visit Cambridge to study or to give lecture courses.
The colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the system. No college is as old as the university itself. The colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels. The hostels were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, but they have left some indicators of their time, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane.
Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridge's first college, in 1284. Many colleges were founded during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but colleges continued to be established throughout the centuries to modern times, although there was a gap of 204 years between the founding of Sidney Sussex in 1596 and Downing in 1800. The most recently established college is Robinson, built in the late 1970s. However, Homerton College only achieved full university college status in March 2010, making it the newest full college (it was previously an "Approved Society" affiliated with the university).
In medieval times, many colleges were founded so that their members would pray for the souls of the founders, and were often associated with chapels or abbeys. A change in the colleges' focus occurred in 1536 with the Dissolution of the Monasteries. King Henry VIII ordered the university to disband its Faculty of Canon Law and to stop teaching "scholastic philosophy". In response, colleges changed their curricula away from canon law, and towards the classics, the Bible, and mathematics.

Nearly a century later, the university was at the centre of a Protestant schism. Many nobles, intellectuals and even commoners saw the ways of the Church of England as being too similar to the Catholic Church and that it was used by the crown to usurp the rightful powers of the counties. East Anglia was the centre of what became the Puritan movement and at Cambridge, it was particularly strong at Emmanuel, St Catharine's Hall, Sidney Sussex and Christ's College.They produced many "non-conformist" graduates who greatly influenced, by social position or pulpit, the approximately 20,000 Puritans who left for New England and especially the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the Great Migration decade of the 1630s. Oliver Cromwell, Parliamentary commander during the English Civil War and head of the English Commonwealth (1649–1660), attended Sidney Sussex.

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Amherst College is a private liberal arts college located in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. Amherst is an exclusively undergraduate four-year institution and enrolled 1,795 students in the fall of 2015. Students choose courses from 38 major programsin an unusually open curriculum. Amherst was ranked as the second best liberal arts college in the country by U.S. News & World Report,and ninth out of all U.S. colleges and universities by Forbes in their 2015 rankings.
Founded in 1821 as an attempt to relocate Williams College by its president, Zephaniah Swift Moore, Amherst is the third oldest institution of higher education in Massachusetts.Amherst was established as a men's college and became coeducational in 1975.
Amherst has historically had close relationships and rivalries with Williams College and Wesleyan University which form the Little Three colleges. It is also a member of the Five College Consortium
In 1812, funds were raised in Amherst for a secondary school, Amherst Academy; it opened December 1814. The institution was named after the town, which in turn had been named after Jeffery, Lord Amherst, a veteran from the Seven Years' War and later commanding general of the British forces in North America. On November 18, 1817, a project was adopted at the Academy to raise funds for the free instruction of "indigent young men of promising talents and hopeful piety, who shall manifest a desire to obtain a liberal education with a sole view to the Christian ministry." This required a substantial investment from benefactors.
During the fundraising for the project, it became clear that without larger designs, it would be impossible to raise sufficient funds. This led the committee overseeing the project to conclude that a new institution should be created. On August 18, 1818, the Amherst Academy board of trustees accepted this conclusion and began building a new college
As early as 1815, six years before the opening of Amherst College, the question of relocating Williams College to some more central part of Massachusetts was agitated among its friends and in its board of trustees. At that time Williams College had two buildings and fifty-eight students, with two professors and two tutors. The library contained fourteen hundred volumes. The funds were reduced and the income fell short of the expenditures. Many of the friends and supporters of the college were fully persuaded that it could not be sustained in its present location. The chief ground of this persuasion was the extreme difficulty of the access to it.
At the same meeting of the board of trustees at which Professor Moore was elected president of Williams College, May 2, 1815, Dr. Packard of Shelburne introduced the following motion: "That a committee of six persons be appointed to take into consideration the removal of the college to some other part of the Commonwealth, to make all necessary inquiries which have a bearing on the subject, and report at the next meeting." The motion was adopted, and at the next meeting of the board in September, the committee reported that "a removal of Williams College from Williamstown is inexpedient at the present time, and under existing circumstances."
But the question of removal thus raised in the board of trustees and thus negatived only "at the present time and under existing circumstances," continued to be agitated. And at a meeting on November 10, 1818, influenced more or less doubtless by the action of the Franklin County Association of Congregational Ministers, and the Convention of Congregational and Presbyterian Ministers in Amherst, the board of trustees resolved that it was expedient to remove the college on certain conditions. President Moore advocated the removal, and even expressed his purpose to resign the office of president unless it could be effected, inasmuch as when he accepted the presidency he had no idea that the college was to remain at Williamstown, but was authorized to expect that it would be removed to Hampshire County. Nine out of twelve of the trustees voted for the resolutions, which were as follows:
"Resolved, that it is expedient to remove Williams College to some more central part of the State whenever sufficient funds can be obtained to defray the necessary expenses incurred and the losses sustained by removal, and to secure the prosperity of the college, and when a fair prospect shall be presented of obtaining for the institution the united support and patronage of the friends of literature and religion in the western part of the Commonwealth, and when the General Court shall give their assent to the measure."

In November, 1819, the trustees of Williams College voted to petition the Legislature for permission to remove the college to Northampton. To this application, Mr. Webster says, "the trustees of Amherst Academy made no opposition and took no measures to defeat it." In February, 1820, the petition was laid before the Legislature. The committee from both houses, to whom it was referred, after a careful examination of the whole subject, reported that it was neither lawful nor expedient to remove the college, and the Legislature, taking the same view, rejected the petition. ... Thus the long and exciting discussion touching the removal of Williams College and the location of a college in some more central town of old Hampshire County at length came to an end, and the contending parties now directed all their energies to building up the institutions of their choice.

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Dark brown College is usually a individual, Ivy Group, research college or university inside Providence, Rhode Area. Founded inside 1764 seeing that "The Higher education inside the Uk Nest connected with Rhode Area and also Providence Plantations, inch Dark brown is theseventh-oldest organization connected with advanced schooling in the us and also one of many being unfaithful Colonial Educational institutions established prior to the American Revolution. 
On it is basis, Dark brown has been the first college in the us to accept individuals no matter the faith based affiliation. Its design system, established inside 1847, has been the first inside what exactly is today known as the particular Ivy Group. Brown's Brand new Curriculum—sometimes known as inside training idea since the Dark brown Curriculum—was implemented by simply school political election inside 1969 over time connected with university student lobbying; the modern Course taken out essential "general education" submitting needs, created individuals "the architects of these personal syllabus, inch and also permitted these to consider virtually any course for the rank connected with good enough or even unrecorded no-credit. Inside 1971, Brown's put together can easily organization, Pembroke Higher education, has been entirely amalgamated in to the college or university.
Basic admissions is probably the most selective in the united states, with the approval rate connected with 9. 5 % for the school connected with 2019, in line with the college or university. This College consists of The faculty, theGraduate School, Alpert Medical School, the varsity connected with Executive, the varsity connected with Public Health and fitness, and also the School connected with Specialized Reports (which involves the particular FOR INSTANCE Dark brown Professional MBA program). Brown's overseas applications are usually structured through the Watson Institute for Overseas Reports, and is particularly academically connected with the particular Maritime Scientific Laboratory and also the Rhode Area School connected with Design and style. TheBrown/RISD Dual Stage Plan, presented with the Rhode Area School connected with Design and style, is usually a five-year course in which awards college diplomas by both companies.
Brown's main campus is situated in the college Hillside Ancient Area inside the metropolis connected with Providence, another major metropolis inside Brand new The uk. This University's local community is usually a federally listed industrial district that has a heavy attention connected with Colonial era complexes. On the european borders of the campus, Benefit Block contains "one of the best cohesive choices connected with repaired seventeenth- and also eighteenth-century buildings inside the Usa States". 
Dark brown provides developed 7 Nobel Reward those who win, 57 Rhodes Students, several Nationwide Humanities Medalists,  8 billionaire graduates,  and also 10 Nationwide Medal connected with Scientific discipline laureates, possesses likewise producedFulbright, Marshall, and also Mitchell pupils. 
This Dark brown family—Nicholas Dark brown, his daughter Nicholas Dark brown, Junior., school connected with 1786, David Dark brown, Ernest Dark brown, and also Moses Brown—were a key component inside relocating the college in order to Providence and also locking down it is endowment. Ernest started to be a new professor connected with normal philosophy in the Higher education, David served seeing that it is treasurer by 1775 in order to 1796, and also Nicholas, Jr, been successful his big brother seeing that treasurer by 1796 in order to 1825.
Upon September 8, 1803, the corporation voted, "That the particular gift connected with $5000 Cash, if meant to this particular Higher education within 1 year from your late Commencement, should certainly entitle the particular donor to name the college. inch Inside a letter was involved with September 6, 1804, in which lure has been responded by simply Higher education treasurer Nicholas Dark brown, Jr, and also the Corporation honored it is assurance: "In gratitude in order to Mr. Dark brown, the corporation in the same achieving voted, 'That this particular Higher education be known as and also identified in every foreseeable future occasion through the Brand connected with Dark brown University'. " Through the years, the particular benefactions connected with Nicholas Dark brown, Junior, would likely overall just about $160, 000, a large quantity with the time, and also bundled the particular complexes Trust Higher education and also Manning Hall, created 1821-22 and also 1834-35.
It can be sometimes erroneously expected in which Dark brown College has been "named after" David Dark brown, whoever professional activity bundled the particular travelling connected with African slaves. Actually, Dark brown College has been branded for Nicholas Dark brown, Jr—philanthropist, originator of the Providence Athenaeum, co-founder connected with Butler Medical, and also, crucially, a abolitionist. Beneath advice connected with his big brother Moses Dark brown, one of many top abolitionists connected with his time, Nicholas Dark brown, Jr, started to be a new investor of the movements. (The opposing thinking for the slave buy and sell inside Dark brown family—from David Brown's unapologetic contribution, in order to Moses and also Nicholas Brown's activist opposition—are described inside Ricardo Howell, "Slavery, the particular Dark brown Group of
Brown's close to friend on Higher education Hillside may be the Rhode Area School connected with Design and style (RISD), America's top-ranked skill college.  Dark brown and also RISD individuals may cross-register in the 2 companies, together with Dark brown individuals permitted to consider possibly 4 courses in RISD in which depend to a new Dark brown diploma. Both the companies companion to offer different student-life companies and also the 2 university student physiques prepare a new synergy inside the Higher education Hillside national scene.
This Brown/RISD Dual Stage Plan, very selective in the united states, presented entry in order to seventeen of the 512 appliers for the school going into inside fall 2015, a approval rate connected with 3. 3 %.  The idea brings together the particular contrasting benefits of the 2 companies, integrating facility skill in RISD while using overall range connected with Brown's departmental products. Individuals are usually mentioned for the Dual Stage Plan for the course sustained several decades and also culminating inside both the Bachelors connected with Disciplines (A. N. ) diploma by Dark brown and also the Bachelors connected with Great Disciplines (B. P oker. A new. ) diploma by RISD. Possible individuals must apply to the two educational facilities on their own and turn into recognised by simply separate admissions committees. Their particular request must next be approved by way of third Brown/RISD combined committee.

Said individuals commit the first season inside property in RISD performing it is "foundation course, inch and also the 2nd season inside property in Dark brown. An additional season in each institution arises, while using sixth season put in in line with the student's electives. Plan members are usually mentioned for his or her inventive and also original way of cross-disciplinary options, combining, one example is, business style together with design, or even bodily model together with human being biology, or even philosophy together with sculpture, or even buildings together with downtown research. An annual "BRDD Exhibition" is usually a well-publicized and also greatly i went to celebration, pulling curiosity and also people from your greater world connected with sector, style, the particular mass media, and also the okay martial arts.

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Duke College is really a individual exploration university or college found in Durham, Nc, Usa. Started through Methodists as well as Quakers in the present-day area connected with Trinity throughout 1838, the institution moved to be able to Durham throughout 1892. With 1924, tobacco as well as electric power industrialist Adam Buchanan Duke founded the Duke Endowment, at which period the organization altered it is name to be able to respect his or her dead father, Wa Duke.
The actual university's campus ranges in excess of 8, six-hundred acres (35 km2) with 3 contiguous campuses throughout Durham and a sea lab throughout Beaufort. Duke's primary campus—designed mostly through architect Julian Abele—incorporates Gothic structure while using 210-foot (64 m) Duke Religious organization in the campus' center as well as maximum position connected with height. The actual first-year-populated Eastern Campus contains Georgian-style structure, while the primary Gothic-style West Campus 1. 5 a long way absent will be adjacent to the Medical. Duke can be the seventh wealthiest individual university or college for the majority of along with $11. four billion dollars throughout money as well as investments throughout economical 12 months 2014. 
Duke's exploration expenditures in the 2014 economical 12 months had been $1. 037 billion dollars, the seventh biggest in the state.  With 2014, Thomson Reuters named thirty-two Duke tutors to be able to it is set of Very Reported Experts, which makes it last globally when it comes to principal affiliations.  Duke also rankings 6th amongst nationwide colleges to get developed Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, as well as Udall Students. Twenty Nobel laureates as well as 3 Turing Prize invariably winners are affiliated with the university or college. Duke's athletics competitors compete in the Atlantic Seacoast Convention along with the field hockey crew will be renowned intended for possessing picked up five NCAA Males Division When i Baseball Championships, the most recent throughout 2015.
Duke started in 1838 as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private membership college set up throughout Randolph Nation in the present-day area connected with Trinity.  Sorted because of the Partnership Commence Modern society, a group of Methodists as well as Quakers, Brown's Schoolhouse evolved into the Partnership Commence Academy throughout 1841 while Nc supplied the charter. The actual academy ended up being renamed Standard University throughout 1851 then Trinity University throughout 1859 on account of help from the Methodist Religious organization. With 1892, Trinity University moved to be able to Durham, mostly due to generosity through Julian Ersus. Carr as well as Wa Duke, powerful as well as well known Methodists exactly who got produced wealthy throughout the tobacco as well as electro-mechanical industries. Carr donated territory throughout 1892 for your initial Durham campus, which can be now generally known as Eastern Campus. As well, Wa Duke offered the institution $85, 000 on an original endowment as well as construction costs—later enhancing his or her generosity along with 3 separate $100, 000 contributions throughout 1896, 1899, as well as 1900—with the stipulation how the school "open it is opportunities to be able to females, inserting them with an similar footing along with adult males. "
With 1924 Wa Duke's child, Adam B. Duke, founded The actual Duke Endowment which has a $40 thousand believe in fund. Cash flow from the fund ended up being to get sent out to be able to nursing homes, orphanages, the Methodist Religious organization, as well as four educational institutions (including Trinity College). William Preston Several, the leader connected with Trinity at the time, insisted how the organization be renamed Duke College to be able to respect the family's generosity and distinguish this from the multitude some other universities and colleges carrying the "Trinity" name. To start with, Adam B. Duke imagined the name adjust might come off of as self-serving, but eventually he recognized Few's offer as being a memorial service to be able to his or her father. Cash from the endowment authorized the College to develop quickly. Duke's initial campus, Eastern Campus, ended up being rebuilt through 1925 to be able to 1927 along with Georgian-style buildings. By means of 1930, the majority of theCollegiate Gothic-style buildings on the campus 1 kilometer (1. 6 km) western side had been accomplished, as well as construction with West Campus culminated while using conclusion connected with Duke Religious organization throughout 1935. 
With 1878, Trinity (in Randolph County) granted Some sort of. B. levels to be able to 3 sisters—Mary, Persis, as well as Theresa Giles—who got studied each along with individual teachers as well as throughout instruction along with adult males. Using the separation in the school throughout 1892, the Panel connected with Trustees voted to be able to all over again enable females to get previously publicly stated to be able to instruction as evening pupils. During Wa Duke's monetary gift throughout 1896, which often transported the necessity that women be placed "on an equal footing along with men" in the school, four females had been enrollment; 3 in the four had been teachers members' youngsters. With 1903 Wa Duke published to the Panel connected with Trustees extracting the supply, writing that it absolutely was really the only restriction he'd ever before place on the monetary gift to the school. Some sort of ladies housing dormitory ended up being internal 1897 as well as named the Betty Duke Constructing, right after Wa Duke's little girl. By means of 1904, fifty-four females had been signed up for the faculty. With 1930, the woman University ended up being founded as being a synchronize to the gents basic school, which often had been founded as well as named Trinity University throughout 1924. 

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Emory University is a private research university in metropolitan Atlanta, located in the Druid Hills section of unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia by the Methodist Episcopal Church and was named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory. In 1915, the college relocated to metropolitan Atlanta and was rechartered as Emory University. The university is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia and among the fifty oldest private universities in the United States.
Emory University has nine academic divisions: Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Oxford College, Goizueta Business School, Laney Graduate School, School of Law, School of Medicine, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Rollins School of Public Health, and the Candler School of Theology. Emory University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Peking University in Beijing, China jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering.The university operates the Confucius Institute in Atlanta in partnership with Nanjing University. Emory has a growing faculty research partnership with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST).Emory University students come from all 50 states, 6 territories of the United States, and over 100 foreign countries.
Emory Healthcare is the largest healthcare system in the state of Georgiaand comprises seven major hospitals, including the internationally renowned Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown.The university operates the Winship Cancer Institute, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and many disease and vaccine research centers.Emory university is one of four institutions involved in the NIAID's Tuberculosis Research Units Program[34] and is the leading coordinator of the U.S. Health Department's National Ebola Training and Education Center.The International Association of National Public Health Institutes is headquartered at the university and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Cancer Society are national affiliate institutions located adjacent to the campus. The university is partnered with the Carter Center.
Emory University is 18th among the list of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment, 21st among universities in the world by endowment,[40] and 21st in U.S. News & World Report's2016 National Universities Rankings. Emory University has a Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education status of RU/VH: "very high research activity" and is cited for high scientific performance and citation impact in the CWTS Leiden Ranking. The National Science Foundation ranked the university 36th among academic institutions in the United States for research and development(R&D) expenditures. Emory University research is funded primarily by federal government agencies, namely the National Institutes of Health (NIH).In 1995 Emory University was elected to theAssociation of American Universities, an association of the 62 leading research universities in the United States & Canada.
Emory College was founded in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia by the Methodist Episcopal Church. The college was named in honor of the departed Methodist bishop John Emory. Ignatius Alphonso Few was the college's first president. In 1854, the Atlanta Medical College, a forerunner of Emory University School of Medicine, was founded. On April 12, 1861, the American Civil War began. Emory College was closed in November 1861 and all of its students enlisted. In late 1863 the war came to Georgia and the college was used as hospital and later a headquarters for the Union Army. Thirty five Emory students lost their lives and much of the campus was destroyed during the war.
Emory College, as with the entire Southeastern United States, struggled to overcome financial devastation during the Reconstruction Era. In 1880, Atticus Greene Haygood, Emory College President, delivered a speech expressing gratitude for the end of slavery in the United States, which captured the attention of George I. Seney, a New York banker. Seney gave Emory College $5,000 to repay its debts, $50,000 for construction, and $75,000 to establish a new endowment. In the 1880s, the technology department was launched by Isaac Stiles Hopkins, a polymath professor at Emory College. Hopkins became the first president of the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1888. Emory University's first international student, Yun Chi-ho, graduated in 1893.Yun became an important political activist in Korea and is the author of "Aegukga", the national anthem of the Republic of Korea.

On August 16, 1906, the Wesley Memorial Hospital and Training School for Nurses, later renamed the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, was established. In 1914, the Candler School of Theology was established. In 1915, Emory College relocated to metropolitan Atlanta and was rechartered as Emory University after accepting a land grant from Asa Griggs Candler, founder of the The Coca-Cola Company. The Emory University School of Law was established in 1916. From the 1920s through the 1970s, Emory University established its reputation as a regional institution that offered a solid education in medicine, law, theology, business, and the liberal arts.

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Lincoln Memorial University (LMU) is a private four-year co-educational liberal arts college located in Harrogate, Tennessee,United States. LMU's 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) campus borders on Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. As a whole, LMU isaccredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). In December 2014, the law school received provisional accreditation by the American Bar Association.
LMU's Abraham Lincoln Library and Museumhouses a large collection of memorabilia relating to the school's namesake, Abraham Lincoln, and the Civil War. The collection was initially formed from donations by the school's early benefactor, General Oliver O. Howard, and his friends.
As of fall 2014, it has 1,699 undergraduate, 933 graduate and 1,103 professional students.
In the 1880s, an energetic entrepreneur named Alexander Arthur (1846–1912) and several associates established a firm called American Association, Ltd., the primary purpose of which was to develop the iron ore and coal resources of the Cumberland Gap area. Arthur founded Middlesboro, Kentucky for the company's employees and furnaces, and constructed a railroad line connecting Middlesboro with Knoxville, Tennessee. Arthur believed Middlesboro would grow into a large industrial city, the so-called "Pittsburgh of the South." In 1888, he founded the city of Harrogate, which he envisioned would someday be a suburb for Middlesboro's elite.
Arthur and American Association spent some two million dollars developing Harrogate, the jewel of which was the Four Seasons Hotel, a 700-room structure believed to have been the largest hotel in the U.S. at the time. The hotel included a lavish dining hall, a casino, and a separate sanitarium. The economic panic of the early 1890s and the subsequent collapse of Arthur's London financial backers doomed American Associates and the Four Seasons was sold and dismantled.
In 1896, General Oliver O. Howard, a former Union officer who had helped establish Howard University (named for him), embarked on a lecture tour. Howard's agent, Cyrus Kehr, suggested Howard establish a university as a living memorial to President Abraham Lincoln. On June 18, 1896, Howard spoke at the Harrow School, an elementary school at Cumberland Gap founded a few years earlier by Reverend A. A. Myers. After the lecture, Myers asked Howard for assistance in establishing a college for the Cumberland Gap region. Howard related to Myers a conversation he had with Lincoln in 1863 in which the president expressed a desire to do something to help the people of East Tennessee, a majority of whom remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War in spite of the greater state's secession, and, remembering Kehr's suggestion, agreed to help Myers establish a university in Lincoln's honor.
With the help of Howard and Kehr, Myers purchased the Four Seasons property, although the sanitarium building was all that remained of the once lavish hotel. Lincoln Memorial University was chartered on February 12, 1897— Lincoln's 88th birthday— with Cyrus Kehr as its first president. Howard joined the university as its managing director in 1898, and under his leadership the university expanded, acquiring among other places Alexander Arthur's house, which the university used as a conservatory. Howard mentioned the university and its purpose in a speech at Carnegie Hall in 1901, which helped raise money and allowed the university to pay off its debts.
In 1902, the sanitarium building burned, and its surviving blocks were used to build Grant-Lee Hall, which has since been placed on theNational Register of Historic Places. Arthur's house also burned, but its tower, now called "Conservatory Tower," still stands.In April 1917, British folklorist Cecil Sharp spent several days at Lincoln Memorial University, where he collected 22 local versions of "old world" ballads such as "Lord Thomas and Fair Ellinor," "The Daemon Lover," and "Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight."

LMU is known for a rich literary history that includes such renowned authors as James Still (River of Earth, The Wolfpen Poems), Jesse Stuart (Taps for Private Tussie, The Thread That Runs So True), Don West (Clods of Southern Earth), and George Scarbrough (Tellico Blue). At one point, Emma Bell Miles, author and painter, served as Artist-in-Residence at the university, a position that went unfilled until it was taken over by bestselling novelist Silas House (Clay's Quilt, The Coal Tattoo) in 2005. House started the Mountain Heritage Literary Festival that same year and the gathering has grown steadily, featuring the region's most celebrated writers (Lee Smith, Earl Hamner, Jr., Ron Rash,Sheila Kay Adams, Denise Giardina, etc.) and becoming one of the premier events of Appalachian literature. Though many classes and research facilities are located within the Hamilton Math and Science Building, completed in 2012, on the main LMU campus, the College of Veterinary Medicine is actually located 12 miles from Harrogate in Ewing, Virginia. The DeBusk Veterinary Teaching Center (DVTC) is housed on 700 acres, provides extensive hands-on experience and educational opportunities with a wide variety of species. The Large Animal Component of the DVTC provides a “working farm” environment with a large herd of cattle, and provides a "hands-on" education site where anatomy, clinical, and surgical skills are taught for dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and sheep.

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Princeton School can be a private Ivy Group exploration university or college with Princeton, Nj, Usa. Started with 1746 with Elizabeth because the College regarding Nj, Princeton ended up being the 4th chartered association regarding degree from the Tough luck Colonies therefore one of the being unfaithful Colonial Educational institutions proven prior to the United states Revolution. The actual association migrated to Newark with 1747, next to the current website being unfaithful decades after, exactly where it turned out renamed Princeton School with 1896. 
Princeton gives undergrad as well as masteral teaching from the humanities, interpersonal sciences, organic sciences, as well as executive.  It provides skilled college diplomas from the Woodrow Wilson School regarding Open as well as International Extramarital liasons, the school regarding Engineering as well as Used Scientific disciplines, the school regarding Buildings as well as the Bendheim Heart intended for Money. The actual School provides connections with all the Company intended for State-of-the-art Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, as well as the Westminster Choir College regarding Rider School.  Princeton gets the biggest endowment per college student in america. 
The actual School provides managed to graduate numerous notable alumni. It's been linked to 41 Nobel laureates, 19 Nation's Honor regarding Scientific disciplines champions, the most Abel Reward champions as well as Areas Medalists regarding almost any university or college (four as well as ten, respectively), 10 Turing Honor laureates, five Nation's Humanities Honor recipients, 209 Rhodes Students, as well as 126 Marshall Students. A couple Oughout. Ohydrates. Presidents, 12 Oughout. Ohydrates. Best Judge Justices (three regarding whom presently serve for the court), as well as numerous living billionaires as well as dangerous mind regarding talk about are common counted between Princeton's alumni. [quantify] Princeton has managed to graduate numerous notable members on the Oughout. Ohydrates. The nation's lawmakers as well as the Oughout. Ohydrates. Cabinet, such as ten Secretaries regarding Condition, three Secretaries regarding Defense, as well as a pair of on the beyond a number of Chair on the National Reserve. It is regularly placed among the prime colleges on this planet. 
Brand-new Lighting Presbyterians founded the school regarding Nj with 1746 as a way to teach ministers.  The college ended up being the educational as well as non secular money regarding Scots-Irish The us. Within 1754, trustees on the College regarding Nj advised in which, with recognition regarding Governor's attention, Princeton needs to be called as Belcher College. Gov. Jonathan Belcher responded: "What any nightmare regarding brand that has to be! " Within 1756, the school migrated to Princeton, Nj. Their property with Princeton ended up being Nassau Hallway, called for your noble Household regarding Orange-Nassau regarding William 3 regarding Great britain.
Adopting the early demise regarding Princeton's 1st five presidents, Steve Witherspoon grew to be leader with 1768 as well as always been in this office until finally his / her loss of life with 1794. While in his / her presidency, Witherspoon altered the college's target through coaching ministers to organizing a brand new creation intended for management from the completely new United states country. To this particular stop, he / she tightened instructional criteria as well as solicited purchase from the college or university. [18]Witherspoon's presidency constituted an extended amount of security for your college or university, disrupted from the United states Revolution as well as specially the Battle regarding Princeton, when British members of the military briefly active Nassau Hallway; United states allows, directed simply by George Oregon, terminated cannon for the making to rout these from that.
Within 1812, the 8th leader the school regarding Nj, Ashbel Environment friendly (1812–23), assisted identify the Princeton Theological Seminary nearby.  The plan to give the theological course satisfied together with "enthusiastic agreement on the part of the regulators on the College regarding Brand-new Jersey". [20] Currently, Princeton School as well as Princeton Theological Seminary preserve individual organizations together with connections including companies including cross-registration as well as common library entry. 
Prior to the design regarding Stanhope Hallway with 1803, Nassau Hallway ended up being the college's sole making. The actual building block on the making ended up being installed about Sept 19, 1754.  Over the summer regarding 1783, the Ls The nation's lawmakers satisfied with Nassau Hallway, creating Princeton the place's money intended for a number of a few months. Above the hundreds of years as well as via a pair of redesigns next important fires (1802 as well as 1855), Nassau Hall's function altered through an all-purpose making, containing office, dormitory, library, as well as class space; to class space solely; to it's provide function because the administrative heart on the School. The actual type regarding 1879 donated double lion statues in which flanked the entrance until finally 1911, as soon as in which very same type replaced these together with tigers.  Nassau Hall's bell phoned after the hall's design; on the other hand, the fireplace regarding 1802 melted this. The actual bell ended up being next recast as well as melted once more from the fireplace regarding 1855. 
Within 1969, Princeton School 1st said ladies as undergraduates. Within 1887, the university or college really preserved as well as staffed any sis college or university, Evelyn College for girls, from the city regarding Princeton about Evelyn as well as Nassau pavement. It had been shut down after estimated at a decade regarding function. Immediately after abortive discussions together with Sarah Lawrence College to make the move the could college or university to Princeton as well as merge this with all the School with 1967, the government made a decision to disclose ladies as well as turned to the situation regarding changing the school's operations as well as amenities in a female-friendly campus. The actual government received seldom finished these kinds of ideas with Apr 1969 if the admissions office commenced sending out there it's acclaim letters. Their five-year coeducation strategy furnished $7. 8 zillion for your growth regarding completely new amenities that might eventually property as well as train 650 ladies learners in Princeton simply by 1974. Ultimately, 148 ladies, composing of 100 freshmen as well as transport learners regarding some other decades, inserted Princeton about Sept 6, 1969 amidst a lot marketing awareness. Princeton enrollment it's 1st woman's masteral college student, Sabra Follett Meservey, being a PhD candidate with Turkish background with 1961. A handful of undergrad ladies received analyzed in Princeton through 1963 about, paying the jr yr generally there to examine "critical languages" in which Princeton's choices exceeded people of the property organizations. These were thought to be regular learners for yr about campus, nevertheless just weren't individuals for the Princeton level.
As a result of any 1979 legal action simply by Sally Honest, Princeton's having clubs have been necessary to move coeducational with 1991, after Wagering action Inn's entice the Oughout. Ohydrates. Best Judge ended up being rejected.  Within 1987, the university or college transformed the gendered lyrics regarding "Old Nassau" to echo the school's co-educational college student human body. Within 2009-11, Princeton professor Nannerl I. Keohane chaired any panel about undergrad could management on the university or college, appointed simply by Chief executive Shirley Michael. Tilghman. 

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The University of Pennsylvania (commonly referred to as Penn or UPenn) is a private, Ivy League research university located in Philadelphia. Incorporated as The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and one of the nine original Colonial Colleges. Penn claims to be the first university in the United States of America.
Benjamin Franklin, Penn's founder, advocated an educational program that focused as much on practical education for commerce and public service as on the classics and theology although Franklin's curriculum was never adopted. The university coat of arms features a dolphin on the red chief, adopted directly from the Franklin family's own coat of arms. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model pioneered by several European universities, concentrating multiple "faculties" (e.g., theology, classics, medicine) into one institution. It was also home to many other educational innovations. The first school of medicine in North America (Perelman School of Medicine, 1765), the first collegiate business school (Wharton School of Business, 1881) and the first "student union" building and organization (Houston Hall, 1896) were all born at Penn.
Penn offers a broad range of academic departments, an extensive research enterprise and a number of community outreach and public service programs. It is particularly well known for its medical school,dental school, design school, business school, law school, engineering school, communications school, nursing school, veterinary school, its social sciences and humanities programs, as well as its biomedicalteaching and research capabilities. Its undergraduate program is also among the most selective in the country, with an acceptance rate of 10 percent.[9] One of Penn's most well known academic qualities is its emphasis on interdisciplinary education, which it promotes through numerous double degree programs, research centers and professorships, a unified campus, and the ability for students to take classes from any of Penn's schools (the "One University Policy"
All of Penn's schools exhibit very high research activity. Penn is consistently ranked among the top research universities in the world, for both quality and quantity of research. In fiscal year 2015, Penn's academic research budget was $851 million, involving more than 4,300 faculty, 1,100 postdoctoral fellows and 5,500 support staff/graduate assistants. As one of the most active and prolific research institutions, Penn is associated with several important innovations and discoveries in many fields of science and the humanities. Among them are the first general purpose electronic computer (ENIAC), therubella and hepatitis B vaccines, Retin-A, cognitive therapy, conjoint analysis and others.
Penn's academic and research programs are led by a large and highly productive faculty.28 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Penn. Over its long history the university has also produced many distinguished alumni. These include twelve heads of state (including one U.S. President), three United States Supreme Court justices, and supreme court justices of other states, founders of technology companies, international law firms and global financial institutions, and university presidents. According to a 2014 study, the University of Pennsylvania has produced the most billionaires of any university at the undergraduate level. Penn's endowment, at $10.1 billion as of June 30, 2015, is the tenth-largest university endowment in the United States and the thirtieth-largest on a per-student basis.
The University considers itself the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,as well as the first university in the United States with both undergraduate and graduate studies.

This statue of Benjamin Franklindonated by Justus C. Strawbridge to the City of Philadelphia in 1899 now sits in front of College Hall.

In 1740, a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the traveling evangelist George Whitefield, who toured the American colonies delivering open air sermons. The building was designed and built by Edmund Woolley and was the largest building in the city at the time, drawing thousands of people the first time it was preached in.26 It was initially planned to serve as a charity school as well; however, a lack of funds forced plans for the chapel and school to be suspended. According to Franklin's autobiography, it was in 1743 when he first had the idea to establish an academy, "thinking the Rev.Richard Peters a fit person to superintend such an institution." However, Peters declined a casual inquiry from Franklin and nothing further was done for another six years.30 In the fall of 1749, now more eager to create a school to educate future generations, Benjamin Franklin circulated a pamphlet titled "Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania," his vision for what he called a "Public Academy of Philadelphia."Unlike the other Colonial colleges that existed in 1749—Harvard, William and Mary, Yale and Princeton—Franklin's new school would not focus merely on education for the clergy. He advocated an innovative concept of higher education, one which would teach both the ornamental knowledge of the arts and the practical skills necessary for making a living and doing public service. The proposed program of study could have become the nation's first modern liberal arts curriculum, although it was never implemented because William Smith, an Anglican priest who was provost at the time, and other trustees preferred the traditional curriculum.

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